Mannose and Cancer
Mannose appears to be the foundation of all the essential sugars. Mannose is formed from glucose in the body and used in the formation of short chain sugars naturally attached to certain proteins. It is involved in so many fundamental cell actions that any deficiency of this one saccharide is said to lead to a host of physical problems. Like xylose and xylitol, mannose has its own sugar alcohol form known as mannitol.
Mannose is absorbed 8 times more slowly than glucose; and, when ingested, it is not converted to glycogen or stored in the liver, but rather Mannose goes directly to the blood stream from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, Mannose easily crosses the placenta allowing it to assist in fetal formation. Amniotic fluid has been shown to contain Mannose in amounts comparable to concentrations in the blood. Within an hour after ingestion, Mannose is widely distributed throughout body tissues and fluids. Highest levels are generally found in the liver and intestines.
Based on animal studies, it appears that Mannose is actively reabsorbed by the kidneys with very little being eliminated in the urine. There appears to be two different transport sites on the surface of the kidney tubules; one for Glucose and Galactose and the other for Mannose. Although Glucose and Galactose are excreted in the urine, very little Mannose is eliminated.
Mannose has also proven to reduce tumor growth and increase survival rates of cancerous animals. It appears that the sugar stimulates macrophages which secret interferons. These, in turn, activate natural killer cells involved in the elimination of cancer cells. Mannose has also been used to depress the rate of growth of other tumor cells in cultures. When scientists added Mannose and Glucosamine into the drinking water of mice with tumor cells, their survival rate increased while the tumors decreased. Some studies concluded that Mannose and Fucose appeared to be the most effective sugars when it came to slowing the growth of cancer cells.
There have not been any adverse reactions to high doses of Mannose either orally or from injection. Based on animal studies, the highest dose for humans could be around 23 grams for a healthy 150-pound adult. However, that much is hardly necessary. In humans, no adverse effects have been noted when oral doses of approximately 15 grams were administered. Even at oral doses as extreme as 53 grams per day given over an 11-month period showed no adverse side effects. No matter how small or large the dosage, it should be divided in at least two portions so as to maintain a functional level in the blood.
Mannose is absorbed 8 times more slowly than glucose; and, when ingested, it is not converted to glycogen or stored in the liver, but rather Mannose goes directly to the blood stream from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, Mannose easily crosses the placenta allowing it to assist in fetal formation. Amniotic fluid has been shown to contain Mannose in amounts comparable to concentrations in the blood. Within an hour after ingestion, Mannose is widely distributed throughout body tissues and fluids. Highest levels are generally found in the liver and intestines.
Based on animal studies, it appears that Mannose is actively reabsorbed by the kidneys with very little being eliminated in the urine. There appears to be two different transport sites on the surface of the kidney tubules; one for Glucose and Galactose and the other for Mannose. Although Glucose and Galactose are excreted in the urine, very little Mannose is eliminated.
Mannose has also proven to reduce tumor growth and increase survival rates of cancerous animals. It appears that the sugar stimulates macrophages which secret interferons. These, in turn, activate natural killer cells involved in the elimination of cancer cells. Mannose has also been used to depress the rate of growth of other tumor cells in cultures. When scientists added Mannose and Glucosamine into the drinking water of mice with tumor cells, their survival rate increased while the tumors decreased. Some studies concluded that Mannose and Fucose appeared to be the most effective sugars when it came to slowing the growth of cancer cells.
There have not been any adverse reactions to high doses of Mannose either orally or from injection. Based on animal studies, the highest dose for humans could be around 23 grams for a healthy 150-pound adult. However, that much is hardly necessary. In humans, no adverse effects have been noted when oral doses of approximately 15 grams were administered. Even at oral doses as extreme as 53 grams per day given over an 11-month period showed no adverse side effects. No matter how small or large the dosage, it should be divided in at least two portions so as to maintain a functional level in the blood.
posted by GlycoNutrients at 8:00 AM
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